Uneori nu facem decat sa ne irosim timpul...

"Un fluture nu traieste decat cateva zile, lucru ce'l "obliga" sa se bucure de fiecare clipa...Dar,.. in schimb noi oamenii ce facem?nu facem decat sa ne stricam momentele de fericire cu tot felu de ganduri prostesti..fara sa realizam ca timpul trece si nimeni nu'l va mai primi inapoi..Maine este craciunul, o zi in care toti ar trb sa fim fericiti, o zi in care ar trb sa ne gandim sa nu ne mai irosim timpul cu tot felul de prostii..."

...probabil va intrebati dc am pus ghilimele ( " " ), am folosit ghilimele datorita faptului ca nu sunt eu cel ce a spus acele cuvinte..cuvinte ce mi'au ramas intiparite in minte..

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Joy To The World

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Saulo Couto - Deck the Halls - Christmas Songs

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Home Alone 2 soundtrack - Jingle Bell Rock

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Rudolf The Red-Nosed Reindeer

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Celine Dion - Don't save it all for christmas Day

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Celine Dion - So This Is Christmas

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Ce ati vrea sa va aduca mosul?

Ce ati vrea sa va aduca mosul?;;)

( Vrei sa traduci ceva?Want to translate something? http://translate.google.ro/# )

Silent night

Silent night Holy night

All is calm all is bright

'Round yon virgin Mother and Child

Holy infant so tender and mild

Sleep in heavenly peace

Sleep in heavenly peace

Silent night, holy night,

Shepherds quake at the sight.

Glories stream from heaven afar,

Heav'nly hosts sing Alleluia;

Christ the Savior is born;

Christ the Savior is born.

Silent night, holy night,

Son of God, love's pure light.

Radiant beams from Thy holy face,

With the dawn of redeeming grace,

Jesus, Lord, at Thy birth;

Jesus, Lord, at Thy bïrth.

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We wish you a merry christmas

We Wish You A Mery Christmas

We wish you a merry Christmas

We wish you a merry Christmas

We wish you a merry Christmas

And a happy New Year.

Glad tidings we bring

To you and your kin;

Glad tidings for Christmas

And a happy New Year!

We want some figgy pudding

We want some figgy pudding

We want some figgy pudding

Please bring it right here!

Glad tidings we bring

To you and your kin;

Glad tidings for Christmas

And a happy New Year!

We won't go until we get some

We won't go until we get some

We won't go until we get some

So bring it out here!

Glad tidings we bring

To you and your kin;

Glad tidings for Christmas

And a happy New Year!

We wish you a Merry Christmas

We wish you a Merry Christmas

We wish you a Merry Christmas

And a happy New Year.

Glad tidings we bring

To you and your kin;

Glad tidings for Chrïstmas

And a happy New Year!

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O! ce veste minunata

O! ce veste minunata

In Betleem ni s-arata

Astazi s-a nascut

Cel far de-nceput

Cum au zis proorocii

Ca la Betleem Maria

Savarsind calatoria

Intr-un mic salas

Lang-acel oras

A nascut pe Mesia

Pe Fiul cel din vecie

Ce L-a trimis Tatal mie

Sa se nasca

Si sa creasca

Sa ne mantuïasca

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Astazi s-a nascut hristos

Astazi s-a nascut hristos
Mesia chip luminos
Laudati si cantati
Si va bucurati!!!!!!

Mititel infasatel
In scutec de bumbacel
Laudati si cantati
Si va bucurati

Neaua ninge
Nu-l atinge
Vantul bate
Nu-l razbate
Laudati si cantati
Si va bucurati!!!!!!!

Si de acum
Pana-n vecie
Mila domnului sa fie
Laudati si cantati
Si va bucuratï!!!!!!

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Jingle Bells - Versuri

Dashing through the snow
In a one horse open sleigh
O'er the fields we go
Laughing all the way
Bells on bob tails ring
Making spirits bright
What fun it is to laugh and sing
A sleighing song tonight

Oh, jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle all the way
Oh, what fun it is to ride
In a one horse open sleigh
Jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle all the way
Oh, what fun it is to ride
In a one horse open sleigh

A day or two ago
I thought I'd take a ride
And soon Miss Fanny Bright
Was seated by my side
The horse was lean and lank
Misfortune seemed his lot
We got into a drifted bank
And then we got upsot

Oh, jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle all the way
Oh, what fun it is to ride
In a one horse open sleigh
Jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle all the way
Oh, what fun it is to ride
In a one horse open sleigh yeah

Jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle all the way
Oh, what fun it is to ride
In a one horse open sleigh
Jingle bells, jingle bells
Jingle all the way
Oh, what fun it is to ride
In a one horse open sleigh

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Iconite pentru craciun (Christmas Holiday Icons)

Christmas Holiday Icons

Download

Andra ft. Adi Cristescu – Colt de suflet

Facand o mica vizita pe blogul unui prieten ( si anume Refu, vezi refu...iti fac si reclama :D :)) nu ca ar fi nevoie :-j ) am vazut ca a postat o melodie..destul de veche..dar frumoasa..motiv ptr care ii voi copia postul >:)>:)>:) ( man sa nu ma dai in judecata ok? :)) )

Am facut tot ce-am stiut sa fac
Numai sa te uit
Azi nici piesa noastra
Nu o mai ascult.

Cafeneaua-n care ne-ntalneam
Acum o ocolesc
Mi-aminteste de intaiul "Te iubesc!"...

Am sters si pozele cu noi
Nu vreau sa dau timpu`napoi
Am renuntat la tot ce aveam
Si-mi amintea de tine

Am sters si pozele cu noi
Nu vreau sa dau timpu`napoi
Am renuntat la tot ce-mi amintea de tine...

Insa ce nu pot uita
Este amintirea ta
O pastreza inima
Intr`un colt de suflet

Si oricat as incerca
Nu te voi putea uita
Te pastreaza inima
intr`un colt de suflet

Si ar mai fi ceva..
Ce nu voi putea uita
Sufletul nu ma lasa
Azi e ziua noastra...(BIS)

Am facut tot ce-am stiut sa fac
Numai sa te uit
Dar nu stiam ca`mi va fi dor
Atat de mult

Spun mereu k nu mai simt nimic
Cand ma-ntreaba cineva
Dar daca nu mai simt nimic
De ce imi mai sta gandul la ea?


Am sters si pozele cu noi
Nu vreau sa dau timpu`napoi
Am renuntat la tot ce`mi amintea de tine...

Insa ce nu pot uita
Este amintirea ta
O pastreza inima
Intr`un colt de suflet

Si oricat as incerca
Nu te voi putea uita
Te pastreaza inima
Intr`un colt de suflet...

cand e liniste
Aud vocea ta
Cand sunt singura
Simt atingerea ta
Cand inchid ochii mei
Vad ochii tai
Nu mai pot rezista...


Insa ce nu pot uita
Este amintirea ta
O pastreza inima
Intr`un colt de suflet

Si oricat as incerca
Nu te voi putea uita
Te pastreaza inima
Intr`un colt de suflet...
(BIS)


Si ar mai fi ceva..
Ce nu voi putea uita
Sufletul nu ma lasa
Azi e zïua noastra...(BIS)

Cadouri...

Acum 2 zile vroiam sa pun o intrebare de genul : " Credeti in Mos Nicolae? Ce vreti sa va aduca?", dar din cauza unui mic motiv am omis sa pun aceasta intrebare...si pe langa asta am uitat sa ma gandesc si ce mi-as dori.

Acum voi pune alta intrebare: "Ati primit ceea ce v-ati dorit?"

Dupa ce am publicat acest post..am realizat de ce nu mi-am pus dorinta, si am dat repede un "EDIT"

...n-am facut asta pentru ca dorinta mea nu tine de ceva material...nu este ceva ce se poate cumpara..iar daca ar fi asa eu n-as sti cat sa licitez...

Daca tot am editat acest post, o sa mai adaug o intrebare..."v-ati dorit vreodata ceva ce nu se poate cumpara?"

PS! INTERZIS COPIILOR CU VARSTA INTRE 1 SI 13 ANI!

(acum este mai bine? :)) )

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Quiz: Introduction to Functions

1. The following statement represents a multi-row function. True or False?
SELECT MAX(salary)
FROM employees

True (*)
False

2. The conversion function TO_CHAR is a single row function. True or False?
True (*)
False

3. Will the following statement return one row?
SELECT MAX(salary), MIN(Salary), AVG(SALARY)
FROM employees;
No, it is illegal. You cannot use more than one multi-row function in a SELECT statement
Yes, it will return the highest salary, the lowest salary and the average salary from all employees (*)
Yes, it will return the highest salary from each employee
Yes, it will return the average salary from the employees table.

4. The following statement represents a multi-row function. True or False?
SELECT UPPER(last_name)
FROM employees;
True
False (*)

5. The function COUNT is a single row function. True or False?
True
False (*)

Quiz: Comparison Operators

1. Which of the following are examples of comparison operators used in the WHERE clause?
=, >, <, <=, >=, <>
between ___ and ___
in (..,..,.. )
like
is null
All of the above (*)

2. When using the “LIKE” operator, the % and _ symbols can be used to do a pattern-matching, wild card search. True or False?
True (*)
False

3. Which of the following WHERE clauses would not select the number 10?
WHERE hours BETWEEN 10 AND 20
WHERE hours <= 10
WHERE hours <>10 (*)
WHERE hours IN (8,9,10)

4. Which statement would select salaries that are greater than or equal to 2500 and less than or equal to 3500? Choose two correct answers.
WHERE salary >= 2500 AND salary <= 3500 (*)
WHERE salary <=2500 AND salary >= 3500
WHERE salary BETWEEN 2500 AND 3500 (*)
WHERE salary BETWEEN 3500 AND 2500

Quiz: Logical Comparisons and Precedence Rules

1. Which of the following are examples of logical operators that might be used in a WHERE clause. (Choose Two)
AND, OR (*)
> <, =, <=, >=, <>
NOT IN (*)
LIKES
None of the above

2. What will be the results of the following selection?
SELECT *
FROM employees
WHERE last_name NOT LIKE ‘A%’ AND last_name NOT LIKE ‘B%’

All last names that begin with A or B
All last names that do not begin with A or B (*)
No rows will be returned. There is a syntax error
All rows will be returned

3. Which of the following would be returned by this SQL statement:
SELECT First_name, last_name, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IN(50,80)
AND first_name LIKE ‘C%’
OR last_name LIKE ‘%s%’

FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME DEPARTMENT_ID
Shelly Higgins 110

FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME DEPARTMENT_ID
Curtis Davies 50

FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME DEPARTMENT_ID
Randall Matos 50

FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME DEPARTMENT_ID
Michael Hartstein 20

All of the above (*)

4. Which of the following is earliest in the rules of precedence?
Concatenation operator
Logical condition
Comparison condition
Arithmetic operator (*)

5. Find the clause that will give the same results as:
SELECT *
FROM d_cds
WHERE cd_number NOT IN(90, 91, 92);
WHERE cd_id <=90 and cd_id >=92;
WHERE cd_id NOT LIKE (90, 91, 92);
WHERE cd_id != 90 and cd_id != 91 and cd_id != 92; (*)
WHERE cd_id != 90 or cd_id != 91 or cd_id!= 92;

6. Which logical operators in the WHERE clause means “Not Equal To”? (Choose Two)
NOT IN (…) (*)
=+
<> (*)
><

7. Which of the following statements best describes the rules of precedence when using SQL?
The order in which the columns are displayed
The order in which the expressions are sorted
The order in which the operators are returned
The order in which the expressions are evaluated and calculated (*)
All of the above

Quiz: Sorting Rows

1. What columns can be added to the following SELECT statement in its ORDER BY clause? (Choose Three)
SELECT first_name, last_name, salary, hire_date
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 50
ORDER BY ?????;

last_name, first_name. (*)
All columns in the EMPLOYEES table. (*)
The table name, EMPLOYEES, which would then automatically sort by all columns in the table.
Any column in the EMPLOYEES table, any expression in the SELECT list or any ALIAS in the SELECT list. (*)
All the columns in the database.

2. Which of the following is true of the ORDER BY clause: (Choose Two)
Must be the last clause of the SQL statement (*)
Displays the fetched rows in no particular order
Defaults to a descending order (DESC)
Defaults to an ascending order (ASC) (*)

3. What clause must you place in a SQL statement to have your results sorted from highest to lowest salary?
ORDER BY salary ASC
ORDER BY salary DESC (*)
ORDER salary BY DESC
None, the database always sorts from highest to lowest on the salary column.

4. A column alias can be specified in an ORDER BY Clause. True or False?
True (*)
False

Quiz: Limit Rows Selected

1. Which example would limit the number of rows returned?
SELECT title FROM d_songs WHEN type_code = 88;
SELECT title FROM d_songs WHERE type_code = = 88;
SELECT title FROM d_songs WHERE type_code = 88; (*)
SELECT title FROM d_songs WHEN type_code = = 88;

2. Which of the following would be returned by this SELECT statement:
SELECT last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary <>

LAST_NAME SALARY
King 5000

LAST_NAME SALARY
Rajas 3500

LAST_NAME SALARY
Davies 3100
(*)

All of the above

3. To restrict the rows returned from an SQL Query, you should use the _____ clause:
SELECT
WHERE (*)
GROUP BY
CONDITION
All of the above

4. Which of the following statements will work?
SELECT first_name ||’ ‘||last_name NAME, department_id DEPARTMENT, salary*12 “ANNUAL SALARY”
FROM employees
WHERE name = ‘King’;

SELECT first_name ||’ ‘||last_name NAME, department_id DEPARTMENT, salary*12 “ANNUAL SALARY”
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = ‘King’;
(*)
SELECT first_name ||’ ‘||last_name NAME, department_id DEPARTMENT, salary*12 ‘ANNUAL SALARY’
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = ‘King’;

SELECT first_name ||’ ‘||last_name NAME, department_id DEPARTMENT, salary*12 ‘ANNUAL SALARY’
FROM employees
WHERE name = ‘King’;

5. Which query would give the following result?
LAST_NAME FIRST_NAME DEPARTMENT_ID
King Steven 90

SELECT last_name, first_name, department_id
FROM employees C
WHERE last_name = ‘KING’;

SELECT last_name, first_name, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = ‘King’;
(*)
SELECT last_name, first_name, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE ‘k%’;

SELECT last_name, first_name, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE ‘KING’;

6. Which of the following are true? (Choose Two)
Character strings are enclosed in double quotation marks
Date values are enclosed in single quotation marks (*)
Character values are not case-sensitive
Date values are format-sensitive (*)

7. How can you write not equal to in the WHERE-clause
!=
^=
<>
All of the above (*)

Quiz: Working with Columns, Characters, and Rows

1. The following is a valid SQL SELECT statement. True or False?
SELECT first_name || ‘ ‘ || last_name alias AS Employee_Name
FROM employees:
True
False (*)

2. In order to eliminate duplicate rows use the ________ keyword
FIRST_ONLY
DISTINCT (*)
SINGLES_ONLY
EXCLUSIVE

3. The structure of the table can be displayed with the _________ command:
Desc
Describe
Dis
A and B (*)

4. Which of the following is NOT BEING DONE in this SQL statement?
SELECT first_name || ‘ ‘ || last_name “Name”
FROM employees;
Concatenating first name, middle name and last name (*)
Putting a space between first name and last name
Selecting columns from the employees table
Using a column alias

5. The concatenation operator …
Brings together columns or character strings into other columns
Creates a resultant column that is a character expression
Is represented by two vertical bars ( || )
All of the above (*)

Quiz: Relational Database Technology

1. The following statements are true regarding tables in a RDBMS: (Choose Two)
A table is a logical object only. They cannot be created in a RDBMS.
A table holds all the data necessary about something in the real world, such as employees, invoices or customers. (*)
Tables contain fields, which can be found at the intersection of a row and a column. (*)
It is not possible to relate multiple tables within an RDBMS.

2. RDBMS stands for
Relational database manipulation system.
Relational database management system. (*)
Relational database mutilation system.
Relational database management style.

3. Once data has been created in a RDBMS, the ony way of getting it out again is by writing a Java or C program. No other languages can be used to access that data. True or False?
True
False (*)

4. The following table creation statement is valid. True or False?
CREATE TABLE country (
ID NUMBER(6) NOT NULL,
NAME VARCHAR2(30) NOT NULL,
LOC VARCHAR2(40),
REG_ID NUMBER,
NAME VARCHAR2(25))
True
False (*)

Quiz: Anatomy of a SQL Statement

1. The SQL SELECT statement is capable of:

Selection and protection
Selection and projection (*)
Projection and updating
None of the above

2. If you want to see just a subset of the columns in a table, you use what symbol?
&
%
*
None of the above, instead of using a symbol you name the columns you want to see the data for. (*)

3. The order of operator precedence is
/ + – *
* – + /
* / + – (*)
None of the above

4. If you want to see all columns of data in a table, you use what symbol?
&
%
$
* (*)

5. SELECT * FROM departments; is a:
Keyword
Statement (*)
Declaration
Strategy

6. What is a NULL value?
A perfect zero
A known value less than zero
A blank space
An unknown value (*)

Quiz: System Development Life Cycle

1. In which phases of the System Development Life Cycle will we need to use SQL as a language? (Choose Two)
Analysis
Transition (*)
Strategy
Build and Document (*)

2. The data model can be used to…
Communicate and group
Describe and specify
Analyze and copy
All of the Above (*)

3. During which phases of the System Development Life Cycle would you roll out the system to the users?
Build and Transition
Strategy and Analysis
Design and Production
Transition and Production (*)

Quiz: Basic Table Modifications

1. The SQL statement ALTER TABLE EMPLOYEES DROP COLUMN SALARY will delete all of the rows in the employees table. True or False?
True
False (*)

2. What will the following statement do to the employee table?
ALTER TABLE employees ADD (gender VARCHAR2(1))
Add a new row to the EMPLOYEES table
Rename a column in the EMPLOYEES table
Change the datatype of the GENDER column
Add a new column called GENDER to the EMPLOYEES table (*)

3. The f_customers table contains the following data:
ID Name Address City State Zip
1 Cole Bee 123 Main Street Orlando FL 32838
2 Zoe Twee 1009 Oliver Avenue Boston MA 02116
3 Sandra Lee 22 Main Street Tampa FL 32444
If you run the following statement,
DELETE FROM F_CUSTOMERS
WHERE STATE=’FL’;
how many rows will be left in the table?
0
1 (*)
2
3

Quiz: SQL Introduction: Querying the Database

1. What command can be added to a select statement to return a subset of the data?
WHERE (*)
WHEN
ALL
EVERYONE

2. What command retrieves data from the database?
ALTER
SELECT (*)
DESCRIBE
INSERT

3. What command do you use to add rows to a table
INSERT (*)
ADD
ADD_ROW
NEW_ROW

4. What command can be used to show information about the structure of a table?
ALTER
SELECT
DESCRIBE (*)
INSERT

5. Examine the follolowing SELECT statement.
SELECT *
FROM employees;
This statement will retrieve all the rows in the employees table. True or False?
True (*)
False

Quiz: Subtype Mapping

1. Which of the following are reasons you should consider when using a Subtype Implementation? (Choose Two)
When the common access paths for the subtypes are similar.
When the common access paths for the subtypes are different. (*)
Business functionality and business rules are similar between subtypes.
Most of the relationships are at the subtype level (*)

2. When mapping supertypes, relationships at the supertype level transform as usual. Relationships at subtype level are implemented as foreign keys, but the foreign key columns all become optional. True or False?
True (*)
False

3. When translating an arc relationship to a physical design, you must turn the arc relationships into foreign keys. What additional step must you take with the created foreign keys to ensure the exclusivity principle of arc relationships? (Assume that you are implementing an Exclusive Design) (Choose Two)
Make all relationships mandatory
Make all relationships optional (*)
Create an additional check constraint to verify that one foreign key is populated and the others are not (*)
All the above

4. The “Arc Implementation” is a synonym for what type of implementation?
Supertype Implementation
Subtype Implementation
Cascade Implementation
Supertype and Subtype Implementation (*)

Quiz: Relationship Mapping

1. Two entities A and B have an optional (A) to Mandatory (B) One-to-One relationship. When they are transformed, the Foreign Key(s) is placed on:
The table BS (*)
The Table AS
Nowhere, One-to-One are not transformed
Both tables As and Bs get a new column and a Foreign Key.

2. Relationships on an ERD can only be transformed into UIDs in the physical model? True or False?
True
False (*)

3. What do you create when you transform a many to many relationship from your ER diagram into a physical design?
Foreign key constraints
Intersection entity
Intersection table (*)
Primary key constraints

4. One-to-One relationships are transformed into Foreign Keys in the tables created at either end of that relationship? True or False?
True
False (*)

5. A barrred Relationship will result in a Foreign Key column that also is part of:
The Table Name
The Column Name
The Check Constraint
The Primary Key (*)

6. One-to-Many Optional to Mandatory becomes a _______________ on the Master table.
Mandatory Foreign Key
Nothing (There are no new columns created on the Master table) (*)
Optional Foreign Key
Primary Key

Quiz: Basic Mapping: The Transformation Process

1. In a physical data model, a relationship is represented as a:
Column
Primary Key
Unique Identifier
Foreign Key (*)

2. Why would this table name NOT work in an Oracle database?
2007_EMPLOYEES
Numbers cannot be incorporated into table names
Table names must start with an alphabetic character (*)
Underscores “_” are not allowed in table names
None of the above

3. The transformation from an ER diagram to a physical design involves changing terminology. Relationships in the ER diagram become __________ , and primary unique identifiers become ____________.
Foreign keys, primary keys (*)
Primary keys, foreign keys
Foreign keys, mandatory business rules
Foreign keys, optional business rules

4. The transformation from an ER diagram to a physical design involves changing terminology. Entities in the ER diagram become __________ , and attributes become ____________.
Columns, Tables
Tables, Columns (*)
Foreign Keys, Columns
Tables, Foreign Keys

5. In a physical data model, an entity becomes a _____________.
Attribute
Table (*)
Constraint
Column

6. Attributes become columns in a database table. True or False?
True (*)
False

7. In an Oracle database, why would the following table name not be allowed ‘EMPLOYEE JOBS’?
The database does not understand all capital letters
EMPLOYEE is a reserved word
JOBS is a reserved word
You cannot have spaces between words in a table name (*)

Quiz: Introduction to Relational Database Concepts

1. One or more columns in a primary key can be null. True or False?
True
False (*)

2. Foreign keys cannot be null when:
It is part of a primary key. (*)
It refers to another table.
It contains three or more columns.

3. A foreign key always refers to a primary key in the same table. True or False?
True
False (*)

4. The explanation below defines which constraint type:
A primary key must be unique, and no part of the primary key can be null.
Entity integrity. (*)
Referential integrity.
Column integrity.
User-defined integrity.

5. The explanation below defines which constraint type:
A column must contain only values consistent with the defined data format of the column.
Entity integrity.
Referential integrity.

Column integrity. (*)
User-defined integrity.

6. Column integrity refers to:
Columns always having values.
Columns always containing positive numbers.
Columns always containing values consistent with the defined data format. (*)
Columns always containing text data less than 255 characters.

7. The explanation below is an example of what constraint type:
The value in the dept_no column of the EMPLOYEES table must match a value in the dept_no column in the DEPARTMENTS table.
Entity integrity.
Referential integrity. (*)
Column integrity.
User-defined integrity.

8. Identify all of the correct statements that complete this sentence: A primary key is: (Choose Three)
A single column that uniquely identifies each row in a table. (*)
A set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table. (*)
A set of columns and keys in a single table that uniquely identifies each row in a single table. (*)
Only one column that cannot be null.

9. The explanation below is an example of what constraint type:
If the value in the balance column of the ACCOUNTS table is below 100, we must send a letter to the account owner which will require extra programming to enforce.
Entity integrity.
Referential integrity.
Column integrity.
User-defined integrity. (*)

10. A table does not have to have a primary key. True or False?
True (*)
False

Quiz: Generic Modeling

1. Generic models are generally less complex than a specific model. True or False?
True
False (*)

2. All data models MUST have some portions of the model modeled as a generic component. True or False?
True
False (*)

3. When you transform a specific model to be generic, which of the following statements are true? (Choose Two)
You tend to end up with fewer entities in the generic model than you had in the specific model. (*)
Either all or none of the original attributes make it into the generic model. (*)
You will always have more entities in a generic model than in the corresponding specific model.
None of the original specific model attributes are allowed in a generic model.

Test: Quiz: Drawing Conventions for Readability

1. You must make sure all entities of a proposed system can fit onto one diagram. It is not allowed to break up a data model into more than one diagram. True or False?
True
False (*)

2. It is a good idea to group your entities in a diagram according to the expected volumes. By grouping high volume entities together, the diagrams could become easier to read. True or False?
True (*)
False

3. Which of the following statements are true for ERD’s to enhance their readability. (Choose Two)
(Choose all correct answers)
There should be no crossing lines. (*)
All crows feet (Many-ends) of relationships should point the same way. (*)
There should be many crossing lines.
It does not matter which way the crows feet (many ends) point.

4. There are no formal rules for how to draw ERD’s. The most important thing is to make sure all entities, attributes and relationships are documented on diagram. The layout is not significant. True or False?
True
False (*)

Test: Quiz: Modeling Change: Price

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An asterisk (*) indicates a correct answer.

Modeling Change: Price
(Answer all questions in this section)

1. Why would you want to model a time component when designing a system that lets people buy bars of gold? Mark for Review
(1) Points

The price of gold fluctuates and for determining price, you need to know the time of purchase (*)

To allow the sales people to determine where the gold is coming from

You would not want to model this, it is not important

The Government of your country might want to be notified of this transaction.

2. Which of the following is a logical constraint that could result from considering how time impacts an example of data storage? Mark for Review
(1) Points

End Date must be before the Start Date.

ASSIGNMENT periods can overlap causing the database to crash.

An ASSIGNMENT may only refer to a COUNTRY that is valid at the Start Date of the ASSIGNMENT. (*)

Dates can be valued only with Time.

3. What is the function of logging or journaling in conceptual data models? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Allows you to track the history of attribute values, relationships and/or entire entities (*)

Gives a timestamp to all entities

Represents entities as time in the data model

Creates a fixed time for all events in a data model

4. You are doing a data model for a computer sales company, where the price goes down on a regular basis. If you want to allow them to modify the price and keep track of the changes, what is the best way to model this? Mark for Review
(1) Points

A. Create a product entity and a related price entity with start and end dates, and then let the users enter the new price whenever required.

B. Create a new item and a new price every day.

C. Use a price entity with a start and end date

D. Allow them to delete the item and enter a new one.

E. Both A and C (*)

Test: Quiz: Modeling Change: Time

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An asterisk (*) indicates a correct answer.

Modeling Change: Time
(Answer all questions in this section)

1. When you add the concept of time to your data model, you are: Mark for Review
(1) Points

Simplifying your model.

Adding complexity to your model. (*)

Just changing the model, but this does not change the complexity of it.

None of the above.


2. It is desirable to have an entity called DAY with a holiday attribute when you want to track special holidays in a payroll system. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False


3. What is the benefit to the users of a system that includes "time," e.g. Start Date and End Date for Employees? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Increased usability and flexibility of a system; we can the trace e.g. the different managers an employee had over time. (*)

System becomes 100% unstable; allows users to log on and log off at will.

Users are able to create complex programs in support of this component.

Reporting becomes nearly impossible, users enjoy this.

4. How do you know when to use the different types of time in your design? Mark for Review
(1) Points

The rules are fixed and should be followed

It depends on the functional needs of the system (*)

You would first determine the existence of the concept of time and map it against the Greenwich Mean Time

Always model time, you can take it out later if it is not needed

5. Which of the following would be a logical constraint when modeling time for a country entity? Mark for Review
(1) Points

People have births and deaths in their countries that must be tracked by the system.

If you are doing a system for France or Germany, you would need security clearance.

Countries may need an end date in your system, because they can change fundamentally over time, e.g. Yugoslavia. (*)

You need a constant record of countries, because they are still countries, even if leadership changes over time, e.g. France, USA and most other countries.

6. Modeling historical data produces efficient ways for a business to operate such as: Mark for Review
(1) Points

Modeling historical data does not help a business.

Providing valuable information via reports to management . (*)

Keeping track of holiday dates.

Employees can work in two time zones.

7. If you are tracking employment dates for an employee, do you need to have an "End Date" attribute? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Yes, because you always need an end date when you have a start date

No, because an end date is usually redundant

Yes, if the company wants to track employee information, like multiple start and end dates (*)

No, not if the company likes the employee

Test: Quiz: What is a Consultant

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An asterisk (*) indicates a correct answer.

What is a Consultant
(Answer all questions in this section)

1. Only Consultants can develop new data models for a company, they are mandatory, so companies must find them and hire them. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)


2. Which of the following skills are required for Consultants. (Choose Two) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Communication skills (*)

Excellent drawing skills

Must be able to speak at least two languages fluently, preferably four or more

Team-working skills (*)

3. How does the dictionary define "consultant"? Mark for Review
(1) Points

A person who knows everything

One responsible for knowing everything

One who gives expert or professional advice (*)

None of the Above

Test: Quiz: Overcoming the Fear Factor

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An asterisk (*) indicates a correct answer.

Overcoming the Fear Factor
(Answer all questions in this section)

1. When you are involved in a group presentation, your group should practice before hand and agree on who presents the various parts. You should all be involved somehow. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

2. Your apperance at a presentation is not important, you should just show up and give the presentation in whatever clothes makes you comfortable. So feel free to wear Jeans and old T-Shirts etc. Being comfortable is more important than anything else. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

3. Which of the following is a valid technique for effective public speaking? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Making eye contact

Using familiar words when communicating technical information

Being enthusiastic

All of the Above (*)

Test: Quiz: Hierarchies and Recursive Relationships

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An asterisk (*) indicates a correct answer.

Hierarchies and Recursive Relationships
(Answer all questions in this section)

1. Which of the following would be a good Unique Identifier for its Entity? (Choose Two) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Identification Number for Person (*)

Birthdate for Baby Which Includes Hour, Minute, and Seconds (*)

Order date for Order

Vehicle Type Number for Car

2. A relationship can be both recursive and hierachal at the same time. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

3. A recursive rationship should not be part of a UID. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

4. In this simple diagram, what comprises the unique identifier for the student class entity?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

student id and class id

student id, class id and course id

course id

student id and course id (*)

Test: Quiz: Modeling Historical Data

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An asterisk (*) indicates a correct answer.

Modeling Historical Data
(Answer all questions in this section)

1. Historical data should always be kept. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

2. Modeling historical data can produce a unique identifier that includes a date. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

3. Which of the following scenarios should be modeled so that historical data is kept? (Choose two) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

LIBRARY and BOOK (*)

STUDENT and AGE

STUDENT and GRADE (*)

LIBRARY and NUMBER OF STAFF

4. Audit trail attributes cannot be placed in the entities they are auditing, they must be placed in separate, new entities, created just for that purpose. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Test: Quiz: Arcs

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An asterisk (*) indicates a correct answer.

Arcs
(Answer all questions in this section)

1. Which of the following can be added to a relationship? Mark for Review
(1) Points

an attribute

an arc can be assigned (*)

a composite attribute

an optional attribute can be created

2. Secondary UID's are Mark for Review
(1) Points

not permitted in data modeling

mandatory in data modeling

useful as an alternative means identifying instances of an entity (*)

always comprised of numbers

3. Which of the following would best be represented by an arc? Mark for Review
(1) Points

STUDENT (senior, junior)

STUDENT (graduating, non-graduating)

STUDENT (will-attend-university, will-not-attend-university)

STUDENT ( University, Trade School) (*)

4. If the entity CD has the attributes: #number, *title, *producer, *year, o store name, o store address, this entity is in 3rd Normal Form ("no non-UID attribute can be dependent on another non-UID attribute). True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)


5. Which of the following is the definition for Third Normal Form? Mark for Review
(1) Points

All attributes are single valued

An attribute must be dependent upon entity's entire unique identifier

No non-UID attribute can be dependent on another non-UID attribute (*)

All attributes are uniquely doubled and independent

6. To visually represent exclusivity between two or more relationships in an ERD you would most likely use an ________. Mark for Review
(1) Points

Arc (*)

UID

Subtype

Supertype

7. This diagram could also be expressed as a supertype/subtype construction. True or False?

Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

8. All parts of a UID are mandatory. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

Test: Quiz: Third Normal Form

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An asterisk (*) indicates a correct answer.

Third Normal Form
(Answer all questions in this section)

1. As a database designer it is your job to store data in only one place and the best place. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

2. Examine the following Entity and decide which sets of attributes breaks the 3rd Normal Form rule: (Choose Two)
ENTITY: TRAIN (SYNONYM: ROLLING STOCK)
ATTRIBUTES:
TRAIN ID
MAKE
MODEL
DRIVER NAME
DEPARTURE STATION
NUMBER OF CARRIAGES
NUMBER OF SEATS
DATE OF MANUFACTURE

Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

TRAIN ID, MAKE

DEPARTURE STATION, DRIVER NAME (*)

NUMBER OF CARRIAGES, NUMBER OF SEATS (*)

MODEL, DATE OF MANUFACTURE



3. No databases in the world is ever truly on 3rd Normal Form. Everyone always stops after 2nd Normal Form. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Test: Quiz: Second Normal Form

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An asterisk (*) indicates a correct answer.

Second Normal Form
(Answer all questions in this section)

1. What is the rule of Second Normal Form? Mark for Review
(1) Points

All non-UID attributes must be dependent upon the entire UID (*)

Some non-UID attributes can be dependent on the entire UID

No non-UID attributes can be dependent on any part of the UID

None of the Above

2. Examine the following entity and decide which attribute breaks the 2nd Normal Form rule:
ENTITY: CLASS
ATTRIBUTES:
CLASS ID
DURATION
SUBJECT
TEACHER NAME AND ADDRESS

Mark for Review
(1) Points

CLASS ID

DURATION

SUBJECT

TEACHER NAME AND ADDRESS (*)

3. All instances of the subtypes must be an instance of the supertype. Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False

4. Not all instances of the supertype are instances of one of the subtypes. Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

5. A supertype should have at least two subtypes. Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False


6. An entity can be on 2nd Normal Form even if it has repeated values. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Test: Quiz: Normalization and First Normal Form

Review your answers, feedback, and question scores below. An asterisk (*) indicates a correct answer.

Normalization and First Normal Form
(Answer all questions in this section)

1. When data is stored in more than one place in a database, the database violates the rules of ___________. Mark for Review
(1) Points

Normalization (*)

Replication

Normalcy

Decency

2. When all attributes are single-valued, the database model is said to conform to: Mark for Review
(1) Points

1st Normal Form (*)

2nd Normal Form

3rd Normal Form

4th Normal Form

3. An entity can have repeated values and still be in 1st Normal Form. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

4. The following entity is on 1st normal form: True or False?
ENTITY: VEHICLE
ATTRIBUTES:
REGISTRATION
MAKE
MODEL
COLOR
DRIVER
PASSENGER 1
PASSENGER 2
PASSENGER 3

Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Test: Quiz: Artificial, Composite and Secondary UIDs

Section 1

1. A unique identifier can only be made up of one attribute. True or False? Mark for Review

(1) Points

True

False (*)

2. People are not born with "numbers", but a lot of systems assign student numbers, customer IDs, etc.ﾠA shoe has a color, a size, a style, but may not have a descriptive "number". So, to be able to uniquely and efficiently identify one instance of the entity SHOE, a/an ______________ UID can be created. Mark for Review

(1) Points

artificial (*)

unrealistic

structured

identification

3. A UID can be made up from the following: (Choose Two) Mark for Review

(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Attributes (*)

Entities

Relationships (*)

Synonyms

4. An entity can only have one UID. True or False? Mark for Review

(1) Points

True

False (*)

Test: Quiz: Resolving Many to Many Relationships

Section 1

1. If an intersection entity is formed that contains no attributes of its own, its uniqueness may be modeled by Mark for Review
(1) Points

Creating new attributes.

Barring the relationships to the original entities. (*)

Placing the UID attributes from the original entities into the intersection entity.

None of the above.





2. When you resolve a M-M by creating an intersection entity, this new entity will always inherit: Mark for Review
(1) Points

The attributes of both related entities.

A relationship to each entity from the original M-M. (*)

The UID's from the entities in the original M-M.

Nothing is inherited from the original entities and relationship.





3. Many-to-Many relationships are perfectly acceptable in a finished ERD. There is no need to do any more work on them. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)

Test: Quiz: Relationship Types

Section 1

1. What uncommon relationship is described by the statements: "Each LINE must consist of many POINTS and each POINT must be a part of many LINES" Mark for Review
(1) Points

One to Many Optional

One to Many Mandatory

Many to Many Optional

Many to Many Mandatory (*)





2. If the same relationship is represented twice in an Entity Relationship Model, it is said to be: Mark for Review
(1) Points

Replicated

Removable

Redundant (*)

Resourceful





3. When are relationships unnecessary? Mark for Review
(1) Points

When you can derive the relationship from other relationships in the model (*)

When they have the same visual structure but different meaning

When the information does not relate to the model

When the relationships connect 2 entities and they each have distinct meanings





4. Which of the following pairs of entities is most likely to be modeled as a M:M relationship? (Choose Two) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

STUDENT and CLASS (*)

TREE and SEEDLING

PHONE NUMBER and SIM CARD

CAR and DRIVER (*)





5. When resolving an M:M relationship, the new relationships will always be __________ on the many side. Mark for Review
(1) Points

optional

recursive

mandatory (*)

redundant





6. Which of the following are relationship types? (Choose Two) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

One to Some

Many to Many (*)

One to Many (*)

One to Another





7. Many to many relationships between entities usually hide what? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Another relationship

Another entity (*)

More attributes

Uniqueness

Test: Quiz: Relationship Transferability

Section 1

1. A non-transferable relationship is represented by which of the following symbols? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Heart

Diamond (*)

Circle

Triangle





2. Non-transferable relationships can only be mandatory, not optional. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False





3. If a relationship can be moved between instances of the entities it connects, it is said to be: Mark for Review
(1) Points

Implicit

Transferrable (*)

Committed

Recursive

Test: Quiz: Documenting Business Rules

Section 1

1. Why is it important to identify and document business rules? Mark for Review
(1) Points

It allows you to create your data model, then check for accuracy. (*)

It allows you to improve the client's business.

It ensures that the data model will automate all manual processes.

None of the above





2. A business rule such as "All accounts must be paid in full within 10 days of billing" is best enforced by: Mark for Review
(1) Points

Making the payment attribute mandatory.

Making the relationship between CUSTOMER and PAYMENT fully mandatory and 1:1 on both sides.

Creating a message to be printed on every bill that reminds the customer to pay within ten days.

Hiring a programmer to create additional programming code to identify and report accounts past due. (*)





3. How should you handle constraints that cannot be modeled on an ER diagram? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Always let the network architect handle them

List them on a separate document to be handled programmatically (*)

Explain them to the users so they can enforce them

All constraints must be modeled and shown on the ER diagram





4. Which of the following is an example of a structural business rule? Mark for Review
(1) Points

All employees must belong to at least one department. (*)

Buildings to be purchased by the business must be current with earthquake building code.

All overdue payments will have an added 10 % late fee.

All products will have a selling price no less than 30 % greater than wholesale.





5. Only managers can approve travel requests is an example of which of the following? Mark for Review
(1) Points

A structural business rule.

A mandatory business rule.

A procedural business rule. (*)

An optional business rule.





6. How would you model a business rule that states that on a studentﾒs birthday, they do not have to attend their classes? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Use a supertype

Use a subtype

Make the attribute Birthdate mandatory

You cannot model this. You need to document it (*)





7. Business rules are important to data modelers because: Mark for Review
(1) Points

A. They capture all of the needs, processes and required functionality of the business. (*)

B. They are easily implemented in the ERD diagram.

C. The data modeler must focus on structural rules, because they are easily represented diagrammatically and eliminate other rules that involve extra procedures or programming.

D. Both A and C are true.

Test: Quiz: Supertypes and Subtypes

Section 1

1. All instances of the subtypes must be an instance of the supertype. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False





2. Which of the following is true about supertypes and subtypes? Mark for Review
(1) Points

Instances that belong to two subtypes of the same supertype may be modeled as a one-to-one relationship between the two subtypes

Subtypes inherit the relationships and attributes of the supertype (*)

Subtypes may have no more than 2 levels of nesting

Supertype and subtype entities must be mutually exclusive





3. When creating entities it is important to remember all of the following: (Choose Two) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Create a formal description. (*)

Include attributes. (*)

Do not use synonyms.

Do use reserved words.





4. All instances of the supertype are also instances of one of the subtypes. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False





5. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about the diagram below?

Mark for Review
(1) Points
Every Z is either an A or a B

Every B is a Z

Every A is a Z

Every A is a B (*)





6. The "Other" subtype is best used: Mark for Review
(1) Points

For instances that belong to the supertype and at least one other subtype.

For a subtype that does not have any of the same attributes as the supertype to which it belongs.

As an extra subtype to ensure that all instances of subtypes are mutually exclusive and complete. By having an "Other" subtype, all instances of the Supertype will be of one subtype type. (*)

You should never have a subtype called Other.





7. Which of the following is the best scenario for using supertype/subtype entities: Mark for Review
(1) Points

A pet store that sells small animals, because they each need different size cages and food.

An ice cream store that sells ice cream in sugar cones and regular cones.

A grocery store that gives customers a choice of plastic or paper bags.

A vehicle dealership that sells cars, trucks and boats on trailers. (*)





8. A subtype can have a relationship not shared by the supertype. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False





9. A supertype should have at least two subtypes. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False





10. Which of the following are valid formats for an attribute? (Choose Two) Mark for Review
(1) Points

(Choose all correct answers)

Character string (*)

Decimal

Number (*)

HEX

Test: Quiz: Matrix Diagrams

Section 1

1. A Matrix Diagram will help you with all of the following except: Mark for Review
(1) Points

Defining Relationships Between Entities

Identifying Entities

Defining Instances of Entities (*)

Naming Relationships





2. Creating a Matrix Diagram is mandatory when doing Data Modeling. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True

False (*)





3. Matrix Diagrams helps verify you have identified all possible relationships between your existing entities. True or False? Mark for Review
(1) Points

True (*)

False